In 1992 Congress passed Title X – Legislation that represented a new strategy to reduce lead hazards. This law affects how some federal agencies deal with lead-based paint and lead-based hazards. The Residential Lead-based Paint Hazard Reduction Act (Title X) of the Community Development and Housing Act of 1992 shifted the focus of federal legislation from acting only on existing lead-based paint hazards to preventing new hazards from occurring. It also switches the focus from the presence of lead-based paint to lead-based paint hazards.
Title X defines lead-based paint hazards as “any condition that causes exposure to lead from lead-contaminated dust, lead-contaminated soil, or lead-contaminated paint that is deteriorated or present on accessible surfaces, friction surfaces, or impact surfaces that would result in adverse human health effects as established by the appropriate federal agency.”
Title X introduced key terms and definitions that have been incorporated into the regulations governing the lead-based paint detection and control industry. Some of these terms and their definitions include the following:
Lead-based paint: paint, varnish, shellac, or other coating on surfaces that contain 1.0 mg/cm² or more of lead or 0.5 percent or more lead by weight;
Lead-based paint hazards: any condition that causes exposure to lead-contaminated dust, lead-contaminated soil, or lead-contaminated paint that is deteriorated or present in accessible surfaces, friction surfaces, or impact surfaces that would result in adverse human health effects as identified by the EPA Administrator under TSCA section 403.; Lead-based paint inspection: a surface-by-surface investigation to determine the presence of lead-based paint. A report is then issued that identifies if there is lead-based paint present and where it is located;
Deteriorated paint: any interior or exterior paint that is peeling, chipping, chalking, or cracking, or is located on an interior or exterior surface or fixture that is damaged or deteriorated;
Accessible surface: surface that protrudes from the surrounding area to the extent that a child can shew the surface and is within three feet of the floor or ground (e.g., window sills, railing, and the edges of star treads);
Friction surface: an interior or exterior surface that is subject to abrasion or friction (e.g., certain window, floor, and stair surfaces);
Impact surfaces: an interior or exterior surface that is subject to damage from repeated impacts (e.g., certain parts of door frames).
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